[摘  要]：《检 验检测机构资质认定评审准则》（2016版）已于2016年8月施行。如何正确理解和运用新评审准则的相关要求，是各类检验检测机构面临的一项新任务。文 章依据新评审准则要求，对评审过程中主要存在的问题进行了剖析，并提出相应的措施，为相关部门更好地贯彻实施该准则提供一些参考。

[关键词]：实验室 授权签字人 管控方法 审核要点

WEI BUDUANTISHENGJIANYANJIANCEFUWUYEFAZHANSHUIPING，TIGAOJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUJIANYANGONGZUODEGUIFANXING，2016NIAN6YUECHU，GUOJIARENJIANWEIFABULEXINBAN《JIANYANJIANCEJIGOUZIZHIRENDINGPINGSHENZHUNZE》 （2016BAN）（YIXIAJIANCHENG《PINGSHENZHUNZE》）BINGYUDANGNIAN8YUESHISHI。SHIYANSHIDUISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEGUANZHUYUGUANKONGSHIGAIZHUNZEZHONGDEZHONGYAONEIRONG。JIANLIHEBAOCHISHIYANSHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHIZEYUQUAN XIAN，SHIBAOZHENGSHIYANSHIGONGZUOBUSHOURENHEBUZHENGDANGDEGANRAOHEYINGXIANG，BAOZHENGJIANYANJIANCEGONGZUODEGONGZHENGXING、DULIXINGHEYOUXIAOXING，DUITIGAOJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUSHIYANCHENGGUOZHILIANGJUYOUZHONGYAOYIYI。

经过一年多的《评审准则》贯彻执行，我们对部分获证实验室授权签字人管控情况、执业行为及能力展开调查研究，对其管理过程中的存在问题进行了分析探讨，目的在于准确理解准则和应用准则，进一步推动《评审准则》的贯彻和实施。

一、实验室检验报告存在的问题和原因分析

2016 NIAN11YUE，SHANDONGSHENGZHILIANGJISHUJIANDUJUZUZHILEJINBAIMINGZHUANJIA，FEN30GEJIANCHAZU，DUIQUANSHENG180JIAJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUKAIZHANLEFEIXINGJIANCHA，SHEJISHIPINANQUAN、JIKONG、HUANBAO、GUANCHEJIANYANDENGJIAN YANJIANCEJIGOU。ANZHAOSHIXIANBUSHUDE18GEJIANCHAXIANGMU，DUISHIYANSHIDEJIANYANJIANCEHUODONGHEFAXING、GUANLITIXIDECHENGXINKEKAOXING、JIANYANBAOGAODEGUIFANXINGDENGNEIRONGJINXINGZHUANXIANGJIANDUJIANCHA。CICIFEIXINGJIAN CHAFAXIANDEPUBIANXINGWENTIZHIYIJIUSHIJIANYANBAOGAOBUGUIFAN。ZHUYAOTIXIANZAIJIANYANBAOGAOSUOFUDAIDEYUANSHIJILUXINXIBUWANZHENG，KESUYUANXINGCHA。BUFENJIANYANBAOGAOCUNZAIYUYUANSHIJILUWUWEIYIXINGBIANHAO、WUXIANG GUANJIANYANSHEBEIXINXI、HUAGAIJIANYANJILU、JIANCERENYUANBUQIANZIDENGWENTI。ZAISUOCHOUCHADEGUANCHEJIANYANJIGOUZHONG，XITONGXINGDICUNZAIJIANYANRENYUAN、SHENHERENYUAN、PIZHUNRENYUANJUNWEIZAIJIANYANBAOGAOSHANGQIANZIHUOZHEYONG DIANZIDAYINDAITISHOUQIANDEQINGKUANG。

TONG GUODUIBUFENHUOZHENGJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUSHOUQUANQIANZIRENGUANKONGQINGKUANG、ZHIYEXINGWEIHENENGLIDIAOCHAFENXI，FAXIANCHANSHENGSHANGSHUWENTIDEZHUYAOYUANYIN：YISHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENNENGLIMINGXIANBUZU；ERSHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENZHUANYEXING BUQIANG，WUXIANGGUANZHUANYEJIAOYUBEIJINGHEGONGZUOJINGLI；SANSHIJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUXINGZHENGLINGDAOJIANRENSHOUQUANQIANZIRENJIAODUO；SISHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENZERENXINJIAOCHA；WUSHINIANDUPEIXUNJIAOYUQIANQUE，ZHISHICHENJIU，DUIJIANYAN JIANCEXINZHISHI、XINJISHU、XINFANGFABUSHUXI；LIUSHIDUISHOUQUANQIANZIRENPINGJIAKAOHEJIZHIYOUDAIJIAQIANGWANSHAN。YOUCIRENWEI，BENDIQUDANGQIANHEJINHOUYIGESHIQI，JIAQIANGHEGAIJINGELEIJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUSHOUQUANQIAN ZIRENDEJIANGUAN，JUYOUSHIFENZHONGYAODEXIANSHIYIYI。

二、正确理解《评审准则》4.2.4条款的要求

JIAN YANJIANCESHIYANSHIJIANLIHEYUNXINGGUANKONGCHENGXUDEMUDESHIWEILEBAOZHENGJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUJIQISHOUQUANQIANZIRENBUSHOULAIZINEIWAIBUDE、BUZHENGDANGDESHANGYE、CAIWUHEQITAFANGMIANDEYALIHEYINGXIANG，DULIWANCHENGXIANGGUAN DEJISHUHUODONG，QUEBAOJIANYANJIANCESHUJU、JIEGUODEZHENSHI、KEGUAN、ZHUNQUEHEKEZHUISU，JIANYANJIANCEJIGOUXUYAOGUANZHUYUGUANKONGZISHENNEIBUGEZHUANYELEIBIESHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHIYEXINGWEIJINENGLI。SHIYANSHIYIJU 《PINGSHENZHUNZE》DI4.2.4TIAOKUANYAOQIU“JIANYANJIANCEJIGOUDESHOUQUANQIANZIRENYINGJUYOUZHONGJIJIYISHANGXIANGGUANZHUANYEJISHUZHICHENGHUOTONGDENGNENGLI，BINGJINGZIZHIRENDINGBUMENPIZHUN。FEISHOUQUANQIANZIRENBUDEQIANFA JIANYANJIANCEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHU。”

“SHOUQUANQIANZIREN”BIXUDUIJIANCESHIYANSHIDECHANPIN（JIJIANCEBAOGAO）ZHILIANGFUQUANMIANDEZEREN，BINGCHENGDANFALVZEREN，TONGSHIHAIYAODUIPIZHUN“SHOUQUANQIANZIREN”DESHANGJIJIGOUFUZE。

SHOU QUANQIANZIRENSHIZHIYOUSHIYANSHITIMING，JINGZIZHIRENDINGBUMENKAOHEHEGEHOU，YOUBENJIGOUZAIQINENGLIFANWEINEISHOUQUANDEQIANFAJIANYANJIANCEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHUDERENYUAN。ZHEILIDEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHUZHIDAIYOUZIZHIRENDINGBIAOSHI DE。FEISHOUQUANQIANZIRENBUDEQIANFAJIANYANJIANCEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHU。SHOUQUANQIANZIRENDUIJIANYANJIANCEJIEGUODEZHUNQUEXINGPANDUANYINGYOUZUGOUDEJISHUZIGEHEJINGYAN，TONGSHIHAIYAODUIJIANYANJIANCEJIEGUOCHENGDANJISHUHEFALVZE REN。YINCI，YAOQIUSHOUQUANQIANZIRENYINGJUYOUZHONGJIJIYISHANGXIANGGUANZHUANYEJISHUZHICHENGHUOTONGDENGNENGLI，JUBEIXIANGYINGDEJIAOYUBEIJINGHEGONGZUOJINGLI，JINGKAOHEHEGE，BINGJINGZIZHIRENDINGBUMENPIZHUN。

PINGSHENYUANYIJU4.2.4TIAOKUANSHISHISHENHESHI，RUHECHONGFENLIJIE《PINGSHENZHUNZE》DEYAOQIU，ZHUNQUEPANDINGSHIYANSHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZIGEJINENGLI，YOUXIAOZHIDINGPINGSHENNEIRONGJIFANGFA，YIQUEBAOSHENHEDEYOUXIAOXING，SHIMUQIAN《PINGSHENZHUNZE》SHENHEZHONGJIDAIJIEJUEDEWENTIZHIYI。

三、《评审准则》4.2.4条款的实现过程研究

SHI YANSHIDEGUANLIFENWEIZHILIANGGUANLI、JISHUGUANLIHEXINGZHENGGUANLI。JISHUGUANLISHIJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUGONGZUODEZHUXIAN，ZHILIANGGUANLISHIJISHUGUANLIDEBAOZHANG，XINGZHENGGUANLISHIJISHUGUANLIZIYUANDEZHICHENG。SHIYANSHIJISHU GUANLIDEZHUYAONEIRONGZHIYIJIUSHIDUISHIYANSHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENJISHUGUANKONG。XIAMIANYISHANDONGSHENGSHUILIGONGCHENGSHIYANZHONGXIN（YIXIAJIANCHENG“SHIYANZHONGXIN”）SHIYANSHISHOUQUANQIANZIRENGUANKONGWEILI，TANTAOSHIYANSHISHOUQUANQIAN ZIRENZHIZEQUANXIAN、GUANKONGYAODIAN、KAOHENEIRONGJIQIPINGSHENSILUDENGWENTI。

1.SHIYONGFANWEI

SHIYONGYUSHIYANZHONGXINNEIBUGEZHUANYELEIBIESHOUQUANQIANZIREN。

2.YINGJUBEIDEZIZHIHENENGLI

①JUYOUSHOUQUANYEWUFANWEINEIDEZHUANYEZHISHI，BINGJUYOUCONGSHIJIANYANGONGZUO5NIANYISHANGJINGYAN。

②SHUXIZHUANYEBIAOZHUN、JISHUGUIFANHEXIANGGUANDEFALV、FAGUI，LEJIEJIANCEYIQISHEBEIDEXINGNENG，YOUJIEJUEJISHUWENTIDENENGLIHEYIDINGDEYEWUSHUIPING；SHUXIXIANGYINGDEJIANCEGUANLIDECHENGXUHEJILU、BAOGAOHECHADECHENGXU。

③SHUXIJIANCECHENGXUHEFANGFA，BINGNENGCHULIJIANCEGUOCHENGZHONGYUDAODEYIQIEWENTI；SHULIANZHANGWOYOUGUANJIANCEXIANGMUDESHOUXIANFANWEI。

④JUYOUBENKEXUELIHEGAOJIGONGCHENGSHIYISHANG（HANGAOJIGONGCHENGSHI）JISHUZHICHENGHUOTONGDENGNENGLI，SHUXIYEWU，JINGKAOHEHEGE。

⑤FUZESHENCHAFENXIJIEGUOBAOGAODEWANZHENGXING、XIANGMUDEQIQUANXINGHEJIELUNDEZHENGQUEXING；JUYOUFENXIJIANYANJIEGUOJINXINGDULIPANDINGDENENGLI。

3.SHOUQUAN

SHIYANZHONGXINDUISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDESHOUQUANSUOSHEJIDEZHUYAONEIRONG：

①JINGZHIJIANJUKAOHEHEGE，BINGCHIGUOJIA、SHENG、SHIHUOSHANGJIZHUGUANBUMENBANFADE《JIANCESHIYANRENYUANZIGEZHENGSHU》DESHOUQUANQIANZIREN，SHOUQUANQIANZIFANWEIWEIZHILIANGJISHUJIANDUJUPIZHUNDEFANWEI。

②SHOUQUANQIANZIRENQIANFASHIYANZHONGXINJIANCEFANWEINEIBEISHOUQUANXIANGMUDEJIEGUOBAOGAO。

③SHIYANZHONGXINZHUREN（XIQUANZHUANYESHOUQUANQIANZIREN）QIANFASHIYANZHONGXINJIANCEFANWEINEISUOYOUTONGGUOJILIANGRENZHENGXIANGMUDEJIEGUOBAOGAO。

④SHIYANZHONGXINBUDEZIXINGZHIDINGSHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEDAILIRENYUAN。

4.SHIYANZHONGXINKONGZHIYAODIAN

SHOU QUANQIANZIRENBIXUJUBEIXIANGYINGDEJIAOYUBEIJINGHEGONGZUOJINGLI，YUJIANYANJIANCEJISHUJINMIJIECHU，SHUXIYEWU，ZHANGWOYOUGUANYIQISHEBEIDEZHUANGTAI，SHUXISUOCHENGDANQIANZILINGYUXIANGYINGJISHUBIAOZHUN、JIANYANJIANCEFANGFA HEGUICHENG，SHUXIJIANCEBAOGAOCHANSHENGDEQUANGUOCHENGHEGUANJIANCHENGXU，SHUXI《PINGSHENZHUNZE》、BIAOSHISHIYONGJIQIXIANGGUANFALVFAGUIHEJISHUWENJIANDEYAOQIU，NENGGOUDUIJIANYANJIANCEJIEGUOJINXINGKEXUEDEFENXIYUPINGJIA， BINGJINGKAOHEHEGE。

5.SHOUQUANQIANZIRENKAOHEYAOQIU

SHIYANZHONGXINSHOUQUANQIANZIRENKAOHEYAOQIURUXIA：

①YAOQIUMANZUXIANGYINGDEZIGEGAOJIZHICHENGHUOZHETONGDENGTIAOJIAN，TONGSHIMANZUTEDINGLINGYUDEYAOQIU。

②SHUXIJIANCE、BIAOZHUN、FANGFA、CHENGXU，DUIZIJIXINGYEDEBIAOZHUN、FANGFASHIFENSHUXI。

③DUIJIANCEJIEGUOZUOCHUZHENGQUEDEPINGJIA，BINGPANDUANJIEGUODEZHENGQUEXING、BAOGAOQIANSHUFUHEGUIDINGYAOQIU。

④SHOUQUANQIANZIRENSHUXIZHANGWOSHIYANSHICELIANGJIEGUODEBUQUEDINGDU。

⑤SHUXISHEBEIWEIHUBAOYANG、SHEBEIXIAOZHUNDEYAOQIU、ZHANGWOSHEBEIXIAOZHUNZHUANGTAI。ZHIYOULEJIESHEBEI，CAINENGGENGHAODIZUOHAOSHIYAN，CHUJUZHUNQUEDEJIEGUO。

⑥SHUXI《PINGSHENZHUNZE》HEXIANGGUANFALVFAGUI、ZHENGCEDEYAOQIU。

⑦SHUXIHUODEZIZHIRENDINGDEJIGOUYIWU，ZHANGWOSHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHIZEQUANXIAN。

⑧SHUXIYOURENDINGBIAOSHIJIANCEBAOGAOHUOSHIYONGGUIDING，BUKELUANYONGRENDINGBIAOSHI，ZHUNQUEZHANGWOCMABIAOSHIDESHIYONGGUIDING。

⑨ZAIBAOZHENGJIANYANJIANCEGONGZUODEGONGZHENGXINGHEDULIXINGDENGFANGMIAN，YOUXIANGYINGDEGUANLIZHIQUAN，BINGQINGZHENGLIANJIE，BUSHOURENHEBUZHENGDANGJINGZHENG、LIYIGANRAO。

⑩ ZAISHOUQUANQIANZIRENZHIQUANFANWEINEICONGYE，DUIQIQIANFADEBAOGAOYOUZUIZHONGJISHUSHENCHAZHIZE。BUDEQIANSHUBUFUHEYAOQIUDEJIEGUOBAOGAO，ZECHENGBAOGAOBIANXIERENYUANXIUGAIZHIZHIDADAOYAOQIU。DUIYUBUFUHERENDINGYAOQIUDEJIEGUOHEBAOGAOJUYOUFOUJUEQUAN。

四、对《评审准则》4.2.4条款的现场审核思路

JIEHEDUISHUILIXINGYESHIYANSHIDESHENHEJINGYAN，GELEIZHUANYEPINGSHENYUANKECANKAOYIXIASILUSHISHIXIANCHANGSHENHE。

1.PINGSHENSHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHIZEQUANXIAN

①CHAKANSHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHIZEQUANXIANSHIFOUMINGQUE、SHIFOUFUHE《PINGSHENZHUNZE》YAOQIU。

②SHENHESHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEJISHUDANGAN，CHAYANQINENGLISHIFOUFUHEYAOQIU，SHIFOUJUBEIXIANGYINGDEJIAOYUBEIJINGHEGONGZUOJINGLI。

③CHAJIANYANJIANCEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHUSHEJIDEXIANGMUSHIFOUMANZUGAISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDESHOUQUANFANWEI。

④CHAKANSHIFOUYOUFEISHOUQUANQIANZIRENSHIFOUCUNZAIQIANFAJIANYANJIANCEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHUDEXINGWEI，CHAKANBUFUHECIGUIDINGDEJIANCEBAOGAOXIANGGUANJILU。ZHEISHIYOUYUMUQIAN，BUFENYINYEWULIANGDA，JIANCESHIJIANJINZHANG，SHIYANSHIQUEFASHOUQUANQIANZIREN，JINGCHANGYOUFEISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDAIQIANJIANCEBAOGAO。

2.PINGSHENSHOUQUANQIANZIRENDECHENGXINYUGONGZHENGXING

ZHONGDIANSHENHENENGFOUYOUXIAOFANGZHIRENHEYOUSUNDULIXINGHECHENGXINDUDEHUODONG，NENGFOUYOUCUOSHIFANGZHIRENHEXINGSHIDESHANGYEHUILU。

SHENHESHIYANGUOCHENGHEJIEGUOBAOGAOZHENGSHISHIFOUANZHAO《PINGSHENZHUNZE》4.2.4TIAOKUANDEYAOQIUZHIYE。SHENHESHIFOUYOUHUIBIZHIDUHUOGUIDINGHEXIANGYINGJILU。SHOUQUANQIANZIRENZAIJINGJI、JISHUSHANGYUBEIJIANDANWEIWUZHIJIEZERENHELIHAIGUANXI，CHAYANYUDAOCILEIWENTI，SHIFOUANZHAOSHIYANZHONGXINDEHUIBIZHIDUHUOGUIDINGZHIXING，SHENHEXIANGGUANJILU。

3.PINGSHENRENYUANGUANLIGUIFANHECUOSHI

①SHENHESHIFOUJUYOUSHOUQUANQIANZIRENPINGJIAKAOHEJIZHI，ZHIDUSHIFOUFUHE《PINGSHENZHUNZE》JIZUZHISHIJIQINGKUANG。

②PINGSHENSHOUQUANQIANZIRENDERENYUANDANGAN，CHAKANNIANDUPEIXUNJIHUA，CHAKANPEIXUNSHIJIAN、PEIXUNNEIRONG，SHIFOUDUIXINBANBUDEXIANGGUANJISHUGUIFANJINXINGLEPEIXUN，BINGCHAYANPEIXUNXIAOGUOYOUXIAOXINGDEPINGJIAJIELUN。

③PINGSHENSHIFOUANZHAOSHIYANZHONGXINSHOUQUANQIANZIRENKAOHEYAOQIUJINXINGLENIANDUKAOHE，ZHONGDIANSHENHESHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHUANYEXING。

④PINGSHENSHOUQUANQIANZIRENSHIFOUCUNZAITONGSHIZAILIANGGEJIYISHANGJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUCONGYEDEWEIGUIXINGWEI，JIANCHASHIYANSHISHIFOUYOUDUIRENYUANGUANLIGUIDINGHECUOSHI。

PINGSHENYUANZAIXIANCHANGSHENHESHI，BUNENGJIANDANDIKANDAOYOUYIGESHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEZHIZEQUANXIANGUIDINGJIKE，ERYAOTONGGUODUISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEJIANYANJIANCEZHIYEQUANGUOCHENGZHONG，ZHUYIXUNZHAOKEGUANZHENGJU。

五、结语

DUI SHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEGUANZHUYUKONGZHIGUANLIZAIJIANYANJIANCEJIGOUSHISHISHENHEGUOCHENGZHONGSHIGEZHONGDIAN。PINGSHENYUANKEYIANZHAOSHANGSHUSHENHESILUJINXING，YEKEYUQITATIAOKUANSHENHETONGSHIJINXING。GENJUSHENHEGUOCHENGSHOUJIDEZHENG JU，DUIZHAOSHENHEZHUNZEJINXINGXITONGDEFENXI，ZUOCHUZONGHEPANDUAN，KANSHIFOUFUHE《PINGSHENZHUNZE》4.2.4TIAOKUANDEYAOQIU。MUQIAN，HENDUOPINGSHENJIGOUDEPINGSHENYUANDUI《PINGSHENZHUNZE》4.2.4TIAOKUAN DESHENHELIUYUXINGSHI，RENWEISHIYANSHIZHIYAOSHEZHILESHOUQUANQIANZIRENJIFUHEYAOQIU，SHUYUDUISHOUQUANQIANZIRENDEKEXUEKAOHEYUPINGDING，BULIYUSHIYANSHIZHILIANGGUANLIDECHIXUGAIJIN。DUIYUBUFENSHIYANSHIRENGCUNZAI FEISHOUQUANQIANZIRENQIANFAJIANYANJIANCEBAOGAOHUOZHENGSHUDEWEIFAWEIGUIXINGWEI，ZHEIZHONGXIANXIANGJIDAIJIANGUANBUMENZHIDINGYOUXIAOCUOSHIJINXINGJIUZHENGHEJIAYIJIEJUE。